The internal flow behaviors during Taylor cone formation of pulsating electrohydrodynamic jet printing

The toroidal vortex inside the Taylor cone is one of most interesting features in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing. However, due to considerable difficulty capturing microscopic internal fluid flow from experiment, many aspects printing process are still not fully understood. Here, we present a numerical study on formation pulsating EHD under variations several key operational parameters and liquid properties, namely, electric voltage, nozzle height, surface tension coefficient, dynamic viscosity. In addition motion liquid–gas interface, focus our attention time evolution cone. intensity evaluated by analyzing absolute value swirling strength throughout process. By virtue examining field distribution, interface charge density, velocity field, data, elucidate influences aforementioned behaviors. Eventually, scaling law [Formula: see text] between maximum dimensionless variables bond number capillary proposed, which applies all investigated this work.